The alliance challenge is an event where the alliance members have to work together. Each player can choose one from different challenges.
The first two challenges are exclusive to that player. They give 120% or 200% of the usual points. If the player doesn’t like them, he can delete them himself, which will make a new one appear a few minutes later.
All other challenges are available to the whole alliance and can only be deleted by R4 or the R5. When someone selects a challenge (except the personal ones), it is no longer available to the alliance. After a few minutes a new challenge will appear.
How many challenges are available and what kind of challenges depends on the level of the alliance. Some challenges or higher points are only available at higher alliance tier. Each player can take 5 to 9 challenges in a row, depending on the alliance level. Once the maximum number is reached, you can get another chance for free every day, for each additional one you have to pay a few biocaps.
Challenges

gather resources

explorer missions
(Hero Point or INTEL)

kill infected
(no matter if INTEL or other)

raid infected fiend

use speed ups
(no matter which)

speed up troop training

speed up research

use hero gears

improve chief gear

improve medals

use Biocaps

buy packages

train troops

use legendary hero fragments

use plasmacores
Rewards
The number of rewards depends on the points of the alliance. The more points all alliance members have made, the higher the reward level. The number of levels depends on the tier of the alliance. The level reached by the alliance, also unlocks the rewards for each player. In order for the player to redeem them, he must reach the corresponding personal score.

Alliance Tier
Each alliance competes with other alliances, similar to what you know from different sports. The more points the whole alliance has, the higher it is in the table. The top alliances move up (no higher than champion), the bottom alliances move down (no lower than rookie).

The higher the alliance tier, the more reward levels, acceptable challenges, challenge types, and free acceptance chance there are.